CH 8 vocabulary
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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kinetic energy
energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion
thermal energy
the energy that is generated and measured by heat
heat
the quality of being hot; high temperature.
potential energy
the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.
chemical energy
energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
thermodynamics
the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.
first law of thermodynamics
the First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.
entropy
a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system’s thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
second law of thermodynamics
entropy always increases with time
spontaneous process
a process that happens naturally.
exergonic reaction
a reaction in which energy is released.
endergonic reaction
a reaction in which energy is absorbed.
energy coupling
energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system.
ATP
adenosine triphosphate, energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.
enzyme
molecules (proteins) that speed up metabolism.
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
activation energy
the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
substrate
the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment.
enzyme-substrate complex
a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate.
active site
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
induced fit
When an enzyme binds to the appropriate substrate, subtle changes in the active site occur, it enhances catalysis, as the enzyme converts substrate to product.
competitive inhibitors
interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding
noncompetitive inhibitors
type of enzyme inhibition where the inhibitor reduces the activity of the enzyme and binds equally well to the enzyme whether or not it has already bound the substrate.
allosteric regulation
the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme’s active site.