group 1 & group 7 (35-36) (paper 1)
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what is the name given to group 1 metals
the alkali metals
what can simple reactions with metals determine for an element
if it is in the same family it will react a similar way
what is the word equation for a group 1 reacting with water
metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
what is the chemical equation for a group 1 reacting with water (lithium)
2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) -> 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)
what is the word equation for a group 1 reacting with oxygen
metal + oxygen -> metal oxide
what is the chemical equation for a group 1 reacting with oxygen (lithium)
4Li(s) + O2(g) -> 2Li2O(s)
does lithium form anything other than lithium oxide when reacting with oxygen
no
does sodium form anything other than sodium oxide when reacting with oxygen
yes - sodium peroxide
what would you observe when lithium reacts with water
• fizzes • moves on surface of water • floats • universal indicator turns blue
what would you observe when sodium reacts with water
• melts into a ball • moves quick on surface of water • fizzes • universal indicator turns blue
what would you observe when potassium reacts with water
• purple flame • explodes • forms a ball • floats • universal indicator turns blue
what happens to the reactivity as you go down the group 1 elements
they are more reactive further down
why are group 1 elements more reactive down the group
• all have 1 electron on the oouter shell • down the group the outer most electron is further from the nucleus • less attraction between the nucleus and electron • electron more easily lost = more reactive
what group does the name halogens refer to
group 7
describe physically chlorine in room temperature
green gas
describe physically bromine in room temperature
red-brown liquid with orange vapour
describe physically fluorine at room temperature
pale yellow gas
describe physically iodine at room temperature
dark gray solid which sublimes to a purple vapour
how would you write the group 7 elements moleculally
X2 ~ eg Cl2
what happens to the boiling point as you go down group 7
it increases
what happens to the reactivity as you go down the group 7 elements
the reativity decreases ~ fluorine most reactive then chlorine etc
why are the group 7 elements most reactive at the top of the group
• they all need 1 more electron • it is easier for a halogen atom to attract an electron as a smaller atom • there is stronger attraction forces between the needed electron and the nucleus