Endocrine System
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Define hormone
Organic chemical substance (protein/steroid) secreted by an endocrine gland and carried in the bloodstream to the target organ where it regulates metabolic reactions
Define target organ
Only affects certain cells can be single gland or organs
What detects an increase in osmolarity?
Osmo receptors
What is osmolarity
Low water levels
Where is the water from that is reabsorbed back into the blood?
The collecting ducts of the kidney
What is another name the pituitary gland?
Hypophysis
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulate your thyroid to release thyroxine
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Oogenesis —> formation of ova in the ovary Spermatogenesis —> formation of sperm in the testes
Luitenizing hormone LH
Stimulate ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
Prolactin
Production of milk from the mammary glands
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenal cortex to release Cortizone and aldosterone
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
Stimulate testes to release testosterone
Growth hormone (GH)
Promotes skeletal and muscular growth from the synthesis of proteins
What is another name for your growth hormone?
Somatotrophic hormone
Growth disorders in the pituitary gland
• Gigantism • Dwarfism • Acromegaly
What element is essential in the production of thyroxine?
Iodine
Define basal metabolic rate
Amount of energy the body needs to keep functioning at rest
Name the disorders that occur in the thyroid gland
Hypo: myxoedema, cretinism Hyper: treated with iodine supplements/synthetic iodine
Define homeostasis
Process of maintaining the internal environment in a constant optimal state, despite constant changes in the external environment
Define negative feedback mechanism
A control mechanism whereby a change from the side point of any factor is corrected by bringing a change in the opposite direction
What is the receptor in diabetes?
Pancreas
How does insulin aid glucose to enter the cells?
It makes the cell membrane of the liver and muscle cells more permeable to glucose
What are the target organs for insulin?
Liver and muscle cells
What is the effect in terms of insulin?
Liver and muscle cells