Chapter 4

Tissues are groups of similar cells which organize and perform specific functions in the body.

Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Are found covering the body (e.g., on the skin) and lining internal organs which have an opening to the outside. The protect against physical and chemical injury.

Connect body parts and other tissues to each other. Provides a framework and stores energy

Highly specialized for contraction which produces movement of either the body or body parts.

Also highly specialized for communication through the sending and receiving of nerve impulses.

Shape of Cells- Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, and Transitional Number of Layers of Cells- Simple and Stratified

Simple Squamous-one layer thin flat cells/ materials pass thru easily Stratified Squamous- many layers of cells/ layers provide protection Simple Cuboidal- one layer of square cells/ produces a lot of the body’s secretions Simple Columnar- one layer of cells/ located in parts of the digestive system Pseudostratified Columnar- columns are different heights Transitional- cells have the ability to stretch/ found in the urinary bladder

Loose (Areolar)- acts like a living glue holding tissues and organs together/ made of collagen (strength) and elastin (stretchy) Adipose- contains mostly fat cells/ insulates and cushions organs/ and stores energy in the form of fat Dense Fibrous Connective (Dense Regular)- made of collagen fibers which are arranged in order/ composes tendon and ligaments Cartilage- hard, strong connective tissue Bone- consists of special bone cells (osteocytes) arranged in structures called osteons (Haversian systems). The matrix of bone is hard and calcified. Blood- liquid matrix (blood plasma) in which there are blood cells

Hyaline- most common/ found at the ends of many bones Elastic- contains many elastic fibers Fibrocartilage- contains many collagen fibers

Muscle tissue is highly specialized for contraction to produce movement of the body or body parts. Muscle tissue helps maintain our posture and also is involved in producing heat (as it contracts).

Skeletal Muscle- provides movement to the body and is attached to the bones of the body Cardiac Muscle- walls of the heart/ beating and blood movement Smooth (Visceral) Muscle- walls of internal organs/ contract and move materials thru the organs

This is another highly specialized tissue. It has one role in the body - to send and receive nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are the body’s way to communicate and work to control the body’s functions. Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

are the cells in nervous tissue which are specialized to send and receive nerve impulses.