Unit 1 - Macromolecules

when monomers combine to create polymers, releasing water molecules as a by-product — uses energy

when water molecules are added to split molecules — releases energy

C6H12O6

type of covalent bond formed via dehydration synthesis between monomers

C12H22O11

long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds (branched or not), can be alpha or beta forms

C3H8O3

fatty acids not synthesized by the human body; poly unsaturated fats with a 3rd carbon at the end of hydrocarbon connected to the neighboring carbon

C18H30O2

C20H30O2

C22H32O2

2 fatty acids (one saturated and one unsaturated) + phosphate and glycerol head

long-chain, hydrophobic fatty acids

hydrophobic, water insoluble, four-linked carbon rings; -OH functional group

glycerol backbone + fatty acid chains of hydrocarbons where carboxyl group is attached (also called triacylglycerol)

C6H10O5, breaks down sugars

C11H9N3O2+, breaks down fats

breaks down smaller proteins

breaks down large polymer proteins

transports oxygen in the blood

regulates osmotic pressure and transports substances in the blood

structural support, movement of cell surface

forms microtubules for cell structure and transport

provides structural support and protection for cells, skin, hair, and nails