8.1 Group 2
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Names for group 2 elements
Alkaline Earth metals
How are group 2 elements found on earth?
Found as stable compounds
How many electrons in the outer shell for group 2 elements?
2 electrons
Which sub shell are the outer electrons in?
Outer s sub shell
Most common type of reaction for group 2 elements
Redox reactions
What happens during redox of group 2 elements?
Each atom is oxidised, losing two electrons to form a 2+ ion Acts as reducing agent for another species
General formula of group 2 oxides
Metal oxide MO
What happens when Magnesium reacts with air?
Burns with a bright white light Forms white Magnesium Oxide
What is formed when group 2 elements react with water?
Alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen
What happens to reactivity going down the group?
Reactivity increases
Metal + acid =
Salt + hydrogen
Why does reactivity increase going down group 2?
Increasing atomic radius Increased shielding Less electrostatic force of attraction between outer electrons and nucleus Easier to lose electrons, therefore more reactive
What happens to ionisation energies going down group 2?
Ionisation energy decreases, due to increased atomic radius and increased shielding
What happens when group 2 oxides react with water
OH- ions are released and form alkaline solutions of metal hydroxide
Solubility of group 2 hydroxides
Slightly soluble in water When solution becomes saturated, further metal and hydroxide ions will form a solid precipitate
What happens to solubility of hydroxides in water going down group 2?
Solubility increases Solutions contains more OH- ions Solution is more alkaline
Use of Calcium Hydroxide
Added to fields to increase pH of acidic soils Neutralises acid in soil to form water
Group 2 base use in medicine
Antacids for treating acid indigestion
What is milk of magnesia?
Suspension of white magnesium hydroxide in water
How do bases help with indigestion?
React with hydrochloric acid and a neutralisation reaction takes place