Repro Management Tools
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keys to sucess when using A.I.
-detection of estrus -behavioral changes -standing to be mounted (primary sign); restless -proper timing of insemination -visable sperm available at time of ovulation -breed toward end of estrus -techinal skill -correct placement of semen in reproductive tract -cervix
AI used by specie
-70% of cows -95% of poultry -90% swine -increasing in horses and goats -less than 10% of beef -increasing but limited in sheep
Embryo Transfer, How:
-synchrozine estrus of recipient females -superovulate and inseminate donor cow -flush embryos of donor and transfer to recipient or freeze
Embryo transfer, why:
-maximize use of superior genetics in females -many offspring/female/year
Estrous Syncronization
Controlling estrous cycle so females express estrus around the same time
reasons to use estrous syncronization
with AI -decrease expense of time and labor for detection of estrus -success of embryo transfer
Methods of estrous syncronization
hormonal: -induce ovulation; restart estrous cycle, suppress estrus natural: -weaning
Breeding soundness exams
-evaluates body condition, health, testicle size, organ abnormality, semen color and volume, sperm abnormalities
Semen Sexing
sex is determined by X or Y chromosomes in sperm cells
X and Y sperm can be seperated with _______ machine
FACS
Sex Sweked semen
kills undesirable gender
Pregnancy Confirmation
Return to estrus manual palpation blood/milk test-biomarker assays ultrasound
Breeding soundness exams
determine physical ability of an animal to breed typically males
breeding soundness exams evaluates
Physical Attributes- body condition, health Repro Anatomy - testicle size, organ abnormalities Semen Quality-color and volume, sperm concentration, abnormalities