2.2.1 - 2.2.2 - Covalent Bonding, Octet Rule, Lewis Formulas
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What does the electronegativity difference have to be for a bond to be covalent?
less than 1.8
Why are electrons shared in a covalent bond?
to obtain a complete octet
Which blocks does the octet rule apply to?
s and p blocks
How many electrons are shared in a single bond?
2
how many electrons are shared in a double bond?
4
How many electrons are shared in a triple bond?
6
In strength and length, how do single bonds compare to double and triple bonds?
single bonds are the weakest and longest while triple bonds are the strongest and the shortest and double bonds are in the middle of the two
Which atoms may have incomplete octets?
Be, B, Al
Which atoms can form triple bonds?
C and N
Which atoms can form double bonds?
C, N, O, S
How many electrons does H always need?
2
When can halogens form expanded octets?
when they are the central atom
When may linear shapes arise?
when there are two central atoms
Why can’t nitrogen form expanded octets?
because there is no empty d orbital nearby