Ch. Test 3
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explain why carbon is “unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules.”
It can go off in four directions and bond with four other atoms.
define hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds made of carbons and hydrogens only
explain why hydrocarbons are important to living things
They help create macromolecules
explain why isomers, which have the same formulae, have different properties.
They have different structural formulas.
define isomers
Molecules with identical molecular formulas (the same number of atoms of each element)
list the four main classes of macromolecules
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
elements of carbohydrates
CH2O
monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
purposes of carbohydrates
main fuel for cellular work, use C skeleton to manufacture other organic molecules, provide structure for cells
examples of carbohydrates
glucose, maltose, sucrose
elements of lipids
mainly C and H (some O)
monomers of lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
purposes of lipids
E storage, cushions for organs, insulation
examples of lipids
fats, oils, waxes
elements of proteins
contain HONC
monomers of proteins
amino acids
purposes of proteins
energy storage, repairs and builds body’s tissues, enzymes speed up chemical reactions
examples of proteins
enzymes, eggs, structural proteins, defensive proteins, etc.
elements of nucleic acids
contains HONCP
monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
purpose of nucleic acids
blueprints for proteins
examples of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
describe the relationship between monomers and polymers
monomers are small molecules, when joined together create larger molecules like polymers. Variety in polymers accounts for uniqueness of each organism however, monomers are universal
dehydration synthesis
monomers are joined to form a polymer while a molecule of water is lost