Motor Learning: Practice and Feedback - E2
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List the Pre-Practice considerations
• Motivation • Verbal Instructions • Modeling • Sensory and perceptual pre-training
What kind of goals should you set for your learner ? b) which type of pre-practice consideration is this?
a) Moderate difficulty to encourage rising to task, but not so difficult failure ensues b) Motivation
What is significant about verbal instructions?
They are a powerful tool - Change emphases = change in outcome and focus of learner
What is modeling and demonstration
(A pre-practice consideration) Demonstrate the skill so the learner can directly observe the elements of the action
Expert vs Peer learning model - which is better?
It depends on your patient! • Expert: repeated flawless performance • Peer: mistakes and corrections observed
What kinds of things can you do for sensory pre-training
• Proprioception w/guiding mvmt and different weights for F production • Sensation: dragging fingertips across a table to get a “sensory” estimate of distance
What kinds of things can you do for perceptual pre-training
• Enhanced contrast (white dishes w/black placemat) - Verbalize/eval phys characteristics of object prior to reaching
What is the current amount of minutes of treatment practice in a session? What does this mean for us?
36 minutes Be better!
What is important for patients regarding practice?
High reps = important
What is blocked practice
Same conditions for a block of trials, then switch to new block/conditions
What is random practice
All conditions are practiced in random order
Which type of practice is better for …. a) Retention (learning) b) Training (temporary)
A) Random Practice b) Blocked practice
So which type of practice is better (random or block)?
It depends on the task/situation • New to a task blocked might be better but retention will be lower • Random will help generate a range of experience for better motor memory
What did the pegboard task tell us about physical vs mental practice?
Both are beneficial and some mental practice is better than no practice at all
What do you learn with mental practice?
• Cognitive elements of tasks - Motor programs are being “run off” but “gain” is turned down (GTO feedback is received)
When might mental practice be useful?
• When a Pt has poor motor control of a body part
What is a benefit of variable practice?
It generates a general capacity to perform a novel version of the task and increases GENERALIZABILITY of a skill
Variability in practice - open v closed task
Open is practice in a variety of environ w/varying equip, obj, circumstances vs closed is under constant conditions
What does specificity of practice do?
Simulate real conditions (environment, task, objects, speed/accuracy)
What is TASK specificity
Specificity effects when training and performance comparisons involve the same types of exercise
What is part-practice?
When you practice the more difficult tasks in isolation BUT be cautious as this may change the whole task
What is a continuous task?
A type of task that must be practiced as a whole where one part influences the other w/tightly synchronized elements
When practicing ___ which type of practice should be used? a) Continuous tasks w/coordination linked b) Simultaneous demands c) Serial tasks w/distinct info
a) Whole-practice b) Whole-practice c) Part-practice
Part or whole practice for STS?
If 0 momentum then do part, if momentum do whole