U3 LEC: CARBOHYDRATES (PT. 1)
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This is the primary source of energy for brain, erythrocytes, and retinal cells in humans.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a primary source of?
energy
These organs cannot store carbs. and only relies on steady supply of glucose to tissues.
• brain • erythrocytes (RBCs) • retinal cells
This is plasma found in extracellular fluid/blood, has a narrow range, and can cross the blood brain barrier.
Plasma glucose
Aside from energy supply, carbohydrates are also a?
major food source
Carbs are primarily stored as?
glycogen
Glycogen is stored in the?
liver and muscles
T/F: Liver is the primary storage of carbohydrates.
True
Carbs are involved in two disease states which are?
• hyperglycemia • hypoglycemia
Increase in plasma glucose
hyperglycemia
Decrease in plasma glucose
hypoglycemia
Carbs are used for the diagnosis of?
Diabetes mellitus
What are the substances found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Each carbon has usually?
1 molecule of Hydrogen
All carbohydrates contain what functional groups?
• carbonyl (C=O) • hydroxyl (-OH)
C=O
carbonyl group
-OH
hydroxyl group
Substances contained in protein
• CHO • Nitrogen
Derivatives of the basic formula
Cx(H2O)y
Carbohydrates are classified based on?
• size or number of base carbon chain • location of the CO functional group • number of sugar units • stereochemistry
Based on size or number of base carbon chains
• Triose • Tetrose • Pentose • Hexose
Based on size or number of base carbon chains 3 carbon chain compound
Trioses
Based on size or number of base carbon chains 4 carbon chain compound
Tetroses
Based on size or number of base carbon chains 5 carbon chain compound
Pentoses