Cerebrovascular Disease

partial paralyasis/weakness

incomplete paralysis affecting one side of the body

Paralysis of one side of the body

loss of ability to speak/write

loss of ability to speak/write

inability to execute motor act

poorly executed speech

loss of recognition (shapes/people)

Blindness for 1/2 vision field

Difficulty swallowing

Carotid artery divides into ACA, MCA and PCA

protect brain from ischemia by providing collateral blood flow and alternative blood flow pathways.

vasodilation and constriction in response to O2, H+ and CO2 changes

any abnormality of the brain caused by pathological process in the blood vessels

15-20% of CO per min

Ischemic or haemorrhagic

Occlusion of the intracranial artery/ vessel lumen due to thrombus or emobli causing occlusion. Increased CO2, reduced O2 = increased blood brain volume which causes a headache. Loss of O2 decreases ATP and forms lactic acid, proteases and phospholipase enzymes are activated which decrease pH and can cause acidosis. This also leads to an increase in ROS, Na, Ca which draws fluid in and causes cytotoxic edema. The damage depends on the location and duration

resolves in 24 hours and self resolves - warning sign of CVA, minimal long term issues

Frontal - movement, execute function, Parietal - Sensory info Temporal - Hearing, memory, smell, language, recognition Occipital - vision Brainstem - HR, BP , Breathing, GI, Conciousness Cerebellum - muscle coordination, balance

tabacco irritants damaging the endothelium in the CVA, which becomes a site for atherosclerosis, plaque forms and obstructs blood flow

there is a sudden and complete blockage of a cerebral artery

chemicals that enhance the clotting process such as thromboxane, endolthelin create a clot which obstructs and completely occludes the vessel

breaks off from one location, gets lodged in another area away from its original site, typically with a smaller diameter.

Atrial fibrillation or heart attack, it formed in the left atrium it has a direct route to the brain