Non-Protein Nitrogen Compounds (NPNs)
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What different things can affect the kidney’s function?
Protein intake, salt intake, tobacco, drugs, doctors prescriptions..etc
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron, blood flows into the bowmans cap
What substance dissolves the glomerular membrane?
Ethanol
T/F: kidney disease can have both acute and chronic phases, acute being destruction of the nephron and chronic being the inflammation of the entire structure (from over working)
False: Acute phase involves the inflammation of the entire structure while the Chronic phase includes the total destruction of the nephron
In plasma, what substance has the highest % of total NPN?
Urea, Amino acids make around <5%
Where is urea sythesized?
In the liver, the liver also has ammonia which is catabolized and moved out of the body, high ammonia is liver issue marker
T/F: the highest concentration of NPN in blood is with BUN
True
T/F: BUN releases ammonia that is converted into nitrogen
False, BUN releases nitrogen that is converted into ammonia
Ref Range for BUN and 24hr Urine range?
BUN: 6-20 mg/dL 24 hr Urine: 12-20mg/dL
what is the range for pre-dialysis in BUN?
40mg/dL (higher than normal range)
T/F: 30% of BUN is reabsorbed into the tubules and 40% of the total is excreted
False, 40% is reabsorbed and 40% is excreted (thats what I have written idk)
What affects concentration of BUN? list a few examples
renal function, dietary intake Protein intake
T/F: Urea goes up the ascending limb
true
T/F: most urea is excreted/reabsorbed actively and can be used to assess renal function and hydration
False, everything is true besides the fact that it is reabsorbed PASSIVELY
What is the definition of Azotemia?
Elevated concentration of urea in blood, usually accompanied by uremia
Briefly describe/ID the location of: Pre renal azotemia Renal azotemia post renal azotemia
Pre renal - issues before the kidney (eg heart) Renal - Kidney (duh) Post renal - after kidneys (bladder, urethra…etc)
Briefly describe Pre-Renal Azotemia, possible diseases associated with, and primary organs involved
Less blood to the kidneys = less urea filtered Congestive heart failure due to thickening of cell walls Primary Organs: Heart, brain, lungs
T/F: Systolic refers to the shrinking of cardiac walls
false, it is the STRETCHING of cardiac walls
Briefly describe Renal Azotemia, possible associated dieases and primary organs
decreased renal function = increased BUN (poor excretion) renal failure, golm. neph, tube necrosis LACK OF OXY TO KIDNEY TISSUES
T/F: the kidney has two blood supplies, one to filter and one to supply oxygen
true
Describe GolmeruloneNephritis (one word? idk)
inflammation of glomeruli and small blood vessels, bacteria or hypertension
Briefly describe post-renal azotemia, possible diseases associated and primary organs
obstruction of urine flow renal calculi (calcium stones) tumors of bladder or prostate
T/F: kidneys can “turn off” when needed
true
What are a few things that cause decreased Urea Nitrogen?
low protein intake liver disease (lack of synthesis) severe vomiting or poopy increased protein synthesis