Unit 3

decrease in the number of hormone receptors, typically in response to chronically excessive levels of a hormone

(also, T3) amino acid-derived thyroid hormone that is less abundant but more potent than T4

bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

endocrine glands located at the top of each kidney that are important for the regulation of the stress response, blood pressure and blood volume, water homeostasis, and electrolyte levels

hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland and important in stimulating uterine contractions in labor, milk ejection during breastfeeding, and feelings of attachment (produced by males and females)

large endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones

the human body’s three-stage response pattern to short- and long-term stress

cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever

tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone

deepest region of the adrenal cortex, which produces the steroid sex hormones called androgens

opening or depression in a bone

second messenger that, in response to adenylyl cyclase activation, triggers a phosphorylation cascade

viscous fluid in the central cavity of thyroid follicles, containing the glycoprotein thyroglobulin

connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored

primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix

cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones as a primary or secondary function and play an integral role in normal bodily processes

cytosolic enzyme that deactivates and degrades cAMP

condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium

region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal

inner layer of the adrenal glands that plays an important role in the stress response by producing epinephrine and norepinephrine

cells, tissues, and organs that secrete substances directly to target tissues via glandular ducts

sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length

steroid hormone secreted by the testes and important in the maturation of sperm cells, growth and development of the reproductive system, and the development of secondary sex characteristics

intermediate region of the adrenal cortex that produce hormones called glucocorticoids