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RNA and Transcription

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Total cards: 17•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (17)

#1
Front (Question)

Three forms of RNA

Back (Answer)

mRNA rRNA = Binds with ribosomal proteins to form RNA (r = ribosomes) tRNA

#2
Front (Question)

mRNA structure

Back (Answer)

Linear polypeptide chain Single helix - No complementary base pairing Average length of two kilobases Contains codons Uracil bases

#3
Front (Question)

tRNA structure

Back (Answer)

Folded clover leaf shape Average length of 76-90 bases Region of hydrogen basing Amino acid binding site Each with an anticodon complementary to an mRNA codon (Amino acid binding site on top) (Anticodon on bottom)

#4
Front (Question)

Genome

Back (Answer)

The complete set of gens within a cell Proteome - The full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

#5
Front (Question)

Protein synthesis

Back (Answer)

Translation and transcription

#6
Front (Question)

Transcription

Back (Answer)

DNA -> mRNA e.g HIV transcription

#7
Front (Question)

Translation

Back (Answer)

mRNA -> Polypeptide

#8
Front (Question)

Transcrition

Back (Answer)

Only occurs in nucleus Template strand and coding strand Involves RNA Polymerase Produced mRNA complementary to the template strand and identical to coding strand

#9
Front (Question)

Three stages of transcription

Back (Answer)

1) Initiation 2) Elongation 3) TERMINATION.

#10
Front (Question)

Initiation

Back (Answer)

RNA Polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter region upstream of the start codon RNA Polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA bases to expose them One DNA strand can now act as a template and the other will be a coding strand

#11
Front (Question)

Elongatoin

Back (Answer)

Free nuclear RNA nucleotides align with their commentary bases on the exposed DNA template strand RNA Polymerase moves along the molecule and joins together adjacent RNA nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds Formation of a pre-mRNA molecule

#12
Front (Question)

Termination

Back (Answer)

RNA polymerase detaches once it recognises a stop codon at the termination site Production of pre-mRNA is complete

#13
Front (Question)

Splicing of a pre-mRNA

Back (Answer)

Prokaryotic cells go from DNA -> mRNA But eukaryotic cells go from DNA -> pre-mRNA -> mRNA Eukaryotes need an extra step called splicing to produce mature mRNA ready for translation

#14
Front (Question)

Eukaryotic gens contain

Back (Answer)

both exons and introns but only exons are able to code for polypeptides

#15
Front (Question)

Intron and Exons

Back (Answer)

Introns - non-coding section of DNA Exons - Coding section of DNA

#16
Front (Question)

Splicing for Pre-mRNA

Back (Answer)

Base sequence corresponding to introns and removed Function exons join together Catalysed by splicesome

#17
Front (Question)

Describe the process of transcription (5 marks)

Back (Answer)

RNA polymerase attaches to promoter region on DNA strand and breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases between DNA strands are broken by DNA helicase(1) One DNA strand now acts as a template and the other is a coding strand (1) Free RNA nucleotides are attracted to bases on template strand by complementary base pairing (1) Uracil replaces thymine and pairs with adenine (1) RNA polymerase joins together RNA nucleotides with phosphodiester bonds (1) Pre-mRNA detaches when stop codon is reached by RNA polymerase and is spliced to form RNA (1) 5/5