PMT 1.1
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Define magnification
How much larger a displayed image is compared with the original object.
Define resolution
The ability to distinguish between two points.
Why is staining used?
• Some specimens are colourless . * It is useful to highlight different structures . * It increases contrast.
What is the formula to calculate magnification from image size and actual size?
Image size = Actual Size x Magnification (also known as the “I AM” formula).
How do you calculate total magnification?
Total magnification = Eyepiece magnification x Objective lens magnification.
How is a light microscope set up?
Place the specimen on a slide, cover it with a cover slip, illuminate with a lamp, and view using the eyepiece.
State 5 parts of an animal cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, and the cell membrane.
State 2 functions of the nucleus
• Controls the cell . * Contains genetic material found in the form of chromosomes.
State the function of the cytoplasm
It is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.
State the function of mitochondria
They are the site of aerobic respiration.
State the function of ribosomes
They are the site of protein synthesis.
State 3 organelles only found in plant cells
• Cellulose cell wall . * Permanent vacuole . * Chloroplasts.
What is the function of the cell wall and what is it made of?
It provides strength and support. It is made of cellulose.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole and what does it contain?
It supports the cell and contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts).
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They are the site of photosynthesis.
Give 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus . * Prokaryotic cells have plasmid loops of DNA . * Prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria.
Describe the image produced by an electron microscope
The image is black and white, it can be 2D or 3D, and it has a very high magnification and resolution.
Why are electron microscopes better than light microscopes?
They produce images with enough detail to see structures inside cells.