Anatomy: Tissues
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What are the 4 different tissue types?
1.) Epithelial 2.) Connective 3.) Muscle 4.) Nervous
What are the primary functions of tissue?
• Covers & lines • Provides support • Enables movement • Controls work
What are the 4 main cell types?
1.) Simple cuboidal 2.) Simple squamos 3.) Simple columnar 4.) Stratified squamos
What do the sheets of cells do?
• Absorb nutrients • Provide sensory input • Manufacture secretions • Manufacture excretions • Cover & line other tissue
What are some characteristics of epithelia?
• Tightly packed • Each cell is polar • Apical surface (top) • Basal surface (bottom) • Lateral surfaces connect • Avascular (no blood vessels) • Most cells are innervated (nerves are present)
What are plasma membrane attachments called?
Junctional complexes
What are the 4 major types of cellular attachments?
1.) Tight junctions 2.) Desmosomes 3.) Gap junction 4.) Basement membrane
What does a tight junction attachment entail?
Fusion of outer plasma membrane
What does a desmosome attachment entail?
Strong mechanical coupling
What does a gap junction attachment entail?
• Channel proteins • Join cytoplasm • Exchange of materials
What is another name for basement membrane?
Basal lamina
What does a basement membrane attachment entail?
• Foundation made by epithelial cells • Nonliving fibers • Helps keep cells in place
What is simple squamos epithelium?
• Delicate & thin • Flat & smooth
What are areas that are lined by simple squamos epithelium?
• Lungs • Vessels • Body cavities • Kidneys
What are some surface specializations?
• Smooth • Cilia • Microvilli (brush border) • Keratin
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
• Single layer of cube-shaped cells • Nuclei aligned in a single row
What is simple columnar epithelium?
• Elongated cells, close together • Nuclei aligned at base
What is stratified squamos epithelium?
• Multilayered • Protects underlying tissue • Line mechanical and chemical stress areas • Outer layer continually worn off
What are the mechanical and chemical stress areas that stratified squamos epithelium is located?
Mouth, esophagus, & vagina
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Large excretory ducts
What are the large excretory ducts that stratified cuboidal epithelium is located in?
Sweat glands, mammary glands, & salivary glands
What is stratified columnar epithelium?
Rare (…that’s all she told us lol)
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
• Not truly stratified (Nuclei have varying levels, not all cells reach the surface, & all cells are attached to the basement membrane) • It’s the most ciliated
What are some areas you can find pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Respiratory tract & in parts of the male reproductive tract