Biochem
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What are living organisms made of? (organic and inorganic molecules)
Organic (lipids, proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, vitamins) Inorganic (water, minerals ex. calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, sulfur)
What do all organic compounds contain?
Carbon and hydrogen
Where are organic compounds found?
In living organisms.
What are some exceptions to the organic (CH) rule?
hydrocarbonates, carbonates, oxides of carbon
What is vitalism?
Living organisms are different from entities cuz they contain some non-physical element (a spark or energy)
What experiment falsified vitalism? Explain it.
The synthesis of urea from inorganic compounds falsified the idea that only organic compounds can make such compounds.
What two processes make up metabolism?
Anabolism and catabolism
Are ALL metabolic reactions enzyme catalyzed?
yes
What is anabolism? What process does it use?
Anabolism is the building up of compounds (from monomers to polymers) using condensation.
What is catabolism? What process does it use?
Catabolism is the breaking down of compounds (cellulose to glucose) using hydrolysis.
What is another name for condensation?
Dehydration synthesis since you remove a molecule of water.
What do hydrolysis reactions need as a reactant?
Water
What do ocean waters and air currents transfer?
Heat
What explains the properties of water?
H-bonds and dipolarity
What are some properties of water? (3)
Adhesion and cohesive properties, universal solvent, thermal properties (high heat capacity, boiling and melting point)
What two things is cohesion in water responsible for?
Transpiration pull, surface tension
What is adhesion in water responsible for?
Transpiration pull
What property in water makes it the universal solvent?
Its bent shape/polarity.
How is glucose transported in blood? Is it polar or not?
Polar and dissolved in blood plasma
How is cholesterol carried in blood? Is it polar or non-polar?
lipoprotein complex and is insoluble with a small hydrophilic spot.
How are amino acids carried in the blood? Polar or non-polar?
Polar and dissolved in plasma.
How are fats carried in the blood? Polar or non-polar?
Non-polar and inside lipoprotein complexes.
How is oxygen transported in the blood? Polar or non-polar?
Hemoglobin, some dissolved in the blood. Oxygen is non-polar but small size makes it partly soluble.
How is sodium chloride transported in the blood?
Dissolves in plasma.