Sample Questions For Final
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What are the physical activities associated with inspiration
Contraction of diaphragm Rotation of asternal ribs and contraction of chest muscles Relaxation of smooth muscle by the bronchioles and alveoli sacs
What are some conditions that require active expiration?
Pooping Coughing Sneezing
Where does most of the diffusion of gas between air and blood occur?
Alveoli cells and pulmonary walls
What functions are served by the turbinates and its associated membrane?
Circulates air, removes dust, warms air
Which gas diffuses most rapidly through cell membranes?
Carbon dioxide because higher solubility coefficient
Why is venous blood more acidic than arterial blood?
Carbon dioxide makes it more acidic
Where are the respiratory centers for the regulation of ventilation located?
Medulla Oblongata Inspiratory: regular beats Pneumatic: puts it rhythm Expiratory: forced expiration
Identify the glandular secretions of the true or gastric stomach and state their functions
Hcl- lowers ph Pepsinogen- converts to pepsin Lipase- fats to fatty acids
Name the four laryngeal cartilage
Epilogittic( prevents foreign material) Thyroid ( helps swallowing) Arytenoid (houses vocal cords) Cricoid ( maintain open shape of larynx)
Give three functions of the tongue
Nursing Chewing Swallowing
What is the pernicious anemia and its function?
Low count of red blood cells because the body can’t absorb b12
What is saliva composed of?
Water Mucous Fluids Serous
What stimulates saliva production?
Physic: presence of food Gastric: presence of food in stomach Intestinal: presence of food as it passes through intestines
What is peristalsis and where does it start in the body?
Cranial to caudal Esophagus
Four types of teeth
Incisors (defense or grasping) Canine (fighting) Premolars (grinding) Molars ( grinding)
What encourages oxygen loss from the blood to the tissue?
increase in temperature decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding tissues increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blook
List the functions of the respiratory system
gaseous exchange voice regulate body temperature regulate water balance regulate pH
What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?
liver pancreas gall bladder salivary glands
What is the forestomach in a ruminant?
Rumen Reticulum Omasum
What is the rumen’s function?
fermentation vat organ of absorption organ of maceration bacterial digestion
What is the reticulum function?
grinding heavy materials and collects it
What is the omasum function?
further digests heavy matter
What is the abomasum function?
True stomach
Why are cattle prone to tongue injuries?
because they eat everything sheep have a hard palate and prehensile lips