IB Biology: Level 11 - Lipids 2.3

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, waxes, steroids and phospholipids that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

A lipid made of one glycerol with three attached fatty acids

A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes

A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.

Both have glycerol and fatty acid chains that are joined by condensation reactions. Phospholipids have two fatty acid chains whereas triglycerides have 3 fatty acid chains and phospholipids have a phosphate group attached to the third hydroxyl on the glycerol which causes it to be partially hydrophilic.

A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.A small molecule that forms the head region of a triglyceride fat molecule

The covalent bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules in condensation reactions.

A long carbon skeleton, with usually 16-18 carbons, at the end has a carboxyl group attached to a hydrocarbon

Fats or fatty acids with the maximum number of hydrogens. In other words they do not contain double bonds.

Fats or fatty acids with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains. In other words it contains at least one double bond.

A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes only ONE double carbon bond.

A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes two or more double carbon bonds.

It is the joining of two molecules with the removal of water. For triglyceride it involves the joining of 3 fatty acids to the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol molecule with the removal of 3 water molecules.

It is the breaking of a bond between two molecules with the addition of water

water loving

water fearing

Unsaturated fatty acid with H bonds on the SAME side of the double bonded carbons.

Unsaturated fatty acid with hydrogen bonds on opposite sides of the double bonded carbons

determination of whether results of research support the health claim made. (Strongly, moderately, or not at all based on evidence gathered)

answers the question of whether research methods used were rigorous or if there uncertainties in methodology

A connection between 2 or more things

When an increase in a variable increases the other, or decrease in a variable decreases the other

Correlation in the opposite direction. When increasing one variable decreases the other, and vice versa

A tool used to measure the energy content in food