VSEPR
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What are the 5 basic rules in determing Lewis Structures? (Don’t expand on each rule yet, we’ll do that in a different flashcard cuz that’s too much information all at once)
• Figure out how many valence electrons each atom has • Determine central atom • Make single bonds first • Add H’s • Form higher bonds as necessary
How do you determine the central atom? (Hint: It’s 2 key factors)
• Lowest electronegativity • Wants to form the most bonds
When creating bonds what rule are we aiming to achieve?
The Octet Rule
Provide the equation for Formal Charge.
FC=# valence electrons-number of bonds-number of lone pair electrons
What does formal charge help determine?
Which structures are lower in energy.
Are oxidation states and formal charge the same thing?
No
How do we break the octet?
We must have access to the d-orbital.
What does resonance do?
It is a stabilizing force that allows for the dispersion of charges
What are the electronic geometries? How many “items” are apart of each family?
2=linear 3=trigonal panar 4=tetrahedral 5=trigonal bipyrimidal 6=octahedral
What are the molecular geometries offered for each electronic geometry?
Linear: linear Trigonal Planar: bent Tetrahedral: trigonal pyramidal, bent Trigonal Bipyramidal: seesaw, t-shaped, linear Octahedral: square pyrimdal, square planar
List the three IMFs by increasing strength
London Dispersion Forces<Dipole-Dipole<Hydrogen Bonding
What collagitive properties do IMFs control?
Boiling point and melting point
Are LDF always present?
Yes
What “kills” dipoles?
symmetry
What are the three elements that can do hydrogen bonding? (Bonus: what’s the potential fourth one)
Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen (FON) And sometimes Chlorine
What are the two rules of hydrogen bonding?
• Molecule A must have a hydrogen bond to N, O, or F (sometimes Cl) • Molecule B must have a lone pair
What model can we use to classify our bonds? What is this model based on?
Van Arkel-Ketelaar This is based on the electronegativities (the average and difference) of the two molecules.
Amorphous
Disorded composition. Think of it like cooked spaghetti.
Crystalline
Ordered composition. Think of it like uncooked spaghetti.
In increasing strength order, list the three types of bond
Delta<Pi<Sigma