ANTIBIOTICS
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He introduced the concept of survival of the fittest, “antibiosis”.
Vuillemin
“An antibiotic or antibiotic substance is a substance produced by microorganisms, which has the capacity of inhibiting the growth and even of destroying other microorganisms.”
S.A. Waksman
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Penicillin/Cephalosphorins
Antibiotic destruction or modification
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Tetracyclines
Antibiotic efflux
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Macrolides
Alteration or replacement of targets
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Penicillin/Cephalosporins Identify the enzyme activity.
Cleavage by beta-lactamase Antibiotic destruction or modification
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Macrolides Identify the enzyme activity.
rRNA methylation Alteration or replacement of targets
MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE Tetracyclines Identify the enzyme activity.
Efflux by TetA Antibiotic efflux
TYPE OF ACTIVITY Site of action: Cell Wall and Cell Membrane -Cidal or -Static
-Cidal
TYPE OF ACTIVITY Site of action: Ribosomes, 50s -Cidal or -Static
-Static
SITE OF ACTION Bacitracin
Cell Wall
SITE OF ACTION Cephalosphorins
Cell Wall
SITE OF ACTION Penicillins
Cell Wall
SITE OF ACTION Vancomycin
Cell Wall
SITE OF ACTION Teicoplanin
Cell Wall
SITE OF ACTION Amphotericin B
Cell Membrane
SITE OF ACTION Nystatin
Cell Membrane
SITE OF ACTION Polymyxins
Cell Membrane
SITE OF ACTION Chloramphenicol (CMC)
Ribosomes
SITE OF ACTION Erythromycins
50s
SITE OF ACTION Lincomycins
50s
SITE OF ACTION Pancidals
DNA/RNA
SITE OF ACTION Anti-cancers
DNA/RNA Pancidals
4-membered cyclic amide
B-lactam ring