Reproduction In Humans
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What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction only requires one cell, which splits into 2 (mitosis) Sexual reproduction requires two sex cells (gametes)
What is fertilisation?
When a male gamete move to the female gamete and fuse together
What is the function of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?
Rebuilds the uterus lining Inhibits FSH production Stimulates LH production
What is the function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
Maintains the uterus lining Inhibits the release of FSH and LH
What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle?
Stimulates ovary to release oestrogen Stimulates the maturation of a follicle which contains an egg
What is the function of LH in the menstrual cycle?
Stimulates follicle to burst and release the mature egg cell (ovulation)
What is the embryo protected by during pregnancy?
Amniotic fluid protects the fetus from physical bumps and knocks during pregnancy
What is the function of the placenta?
It’s a barrier between the mum and the baby It’s important that blood doesn’t mix, potential different blood types Also differences in blood pressure
What diffuses into the fetus from the mum?
Glucose and oxygen
What diffuses into the mum from the fetus?
Waste products CO2, excess water and urea
Function of the umbilical vein?
Going towards the baby Full of oxygen and glucose Some antibodies from mum, giving a short term immunity for disease
What is the function of the umbilical artery?
Blood high in waste products (CO2, urea) and low in O2
Which hormones initiate puberty in girls?
Oestrogen
Which hormones initiate puberty in boys?
Testosterone
What causes these hormones to be produced?
Biological need to reproduce, preparing body for sexual maturity Pituitary glands plays a key role
Male changes during puberty
Development of facial hair Shoulder broaden Sperm is produced Voice breaks
Female changes during puberty
Period start Brest develop
Changes in both male and female during puberty
Public hair grow Hormones change Reproductive organs develop Hair under arms
What is the adaptation of penis for its function?
Organ which passes semen and urine of the man’s body
What is the adaptation of the bladder for its function?
Stores urine
What is the adaptation of the sperm duct for its function?
Tube through which sperm travels on the way to the glands
What is the adaptation of the urethra for its function? (Male)
The tube inside the penis that carries the urine or semen. A ring of muscles makes sure that there is no chance of urine and semen getting mixed up