C5 Chemical Changes
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What is an ore?
A rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract
What is the reactivity series?
A list of metals in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive at the top and the least reactive ones at the bottom
How are metals put in order of reactivity?
Looking at their reactions with: Water Dilute acid
What gas is given off when metals react with water or dilute acid? What is the test for it?
Hydrogen It pops with a lighted splint
what is formed when metals react with oxygen?
metal oxides
what is gaining oxygen called?
oxidation
what is losing oxygen called?
reduction
what does reacting a metal with water produce?
metal hydroxide and hydrogen
what affects how reactive a metal is?
it depends on the metal’s ability to lose electrons and form a positive ion
how are unreactive metals found?
by themselves as they are so unreactive
what does displacement mean?
a more reactive element will push out (displace) a less reactive element from its compound
why is carbon used in extracting metals?
it is very cheap
what is OILRIG?
oxidation is loss (of electrons) reduction is gain (of electrons)
what does (aq) mean?
aqueous solution - dissolved in water
what do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
hydrogen ions (H+)
what is a base?
a chemical which can neutralise and acid producing a salt and water
what are bases usually?
metal oxides or metal hydroxides
what is an alkali?
a base which is soluble in water
what ions do alkalis form in aqueous solutions?
hydroxide ions (OH-)
what is the range of pHs for acids?
0 - <7
what is neutral on the pH scale?
7
what is the range of pH values for alkalis?
> 7 - 14
what happens to the H+ and OH- ions in a neutralisation reaction?
they react to produce water
what do all acids contain?
hydrogen