C2 - Structure & Bonding
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How do the elements in group 1 bond with elements in group 7?
The Group 1 element loses an electron to become stable. This electron is given to the Group 7 element which also becomes stable.
How do elements form compounds?
Elements react by gaining, losing or sharing electrons.
What is covalent bonding?
Sharing electrons to form a compound.
What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons to form a compound.
What is an ion?
A charged atom
What charge does a Group 1 ion have?
Positive
What elements react in ionic bonding?
Metal with a non-metal
How are ionic compounds held together?
Strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.
Which groups’ elements form ions?
1,2,6,7
How are the charged particles arranged as a result of ionic bonding?
Giant structure
Why are the ions in a giant structure held so strongly together?
The force exerted by an ion on the other ions is equal in all directions.
What is the structure of a giant stucture?
Regular arrangements
How are atoms in ionic bonds represented?
Dot and cross diagram
What does the formula of an ionic compound show?
The ratio of ions present.
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?
Zero
What is the formula for a hydroxide ion?
OH^-
What is the formula for a nitrate ion?
NO3^-
What is the formula for a carbonate ion?
CO3^2-
What is the formula for a sulfate ion?
SO4^2-
When are brackets needed in a formula?
When there is more than one type of atom in the ion being multiplied.
How are covalent bonds formed?
When atoms share pairs of electrons.
What types of substances have covalent bonds?
Simple molecules or giant covalent structures.
What types of elements use covalent bonding?
Non-metals.
Give two examples of giant covalent structures.
• Diamond - Silicon dioxide