History of the Earth

the process leading to the formation or deposition of layers, especially of sedimentary rocks

refers to stacked-up layers of sedimentary rock

_______ can be used for a single layer, but individual rock layers called ____

branch of geology which studies earth history as revealed in layering or rocks (stratification) mainly in sedimentary rocks

Strata are distinguished from one another on the basis of their _____ composition.

Sedimentary rocks form as more-or-less _______ layers because of the way in which sediment, sand, mud, rock debris, shell fragments and so on, is deposited.

the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age, (i.e. estimated age).

the determination of the age of an object with reference to a specific time scale, based on measurable physical or chemical qualities or associations with written records

the number of years since the rock is formed

any animal or plant preserved in the rock that may give characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment.

Describes the patterns in which rock layers are deposited.

Based from ______, a Danish scientist and bishop known as the father of ______.

states that at the time when any given stratum was being formed, all the matter resting upon it was fluid, and, therefore, at the time when the lower stratum was being formed, none of the upper strata existed.

In an undisturbed sequence of rocks, the oldest rocks are on the _____ and the youngest rocks are on ____.

States that material forming any stratum were continuous over the surface of earth unless some other solid bodies stood in the way.

Any rock or fragments that’s included inside of another rock is older than the rock in which it is included.

States that if a body or discontinuity cuts across a stratum it must have formed after that stratum.

When magma forces its way into cracks or crevices in crustal rock and solidifies, it forms a mass of igneous rock called an ______

When lava solidifies at the surface it forms a mass of igneous rock called an _____

Is a method of measuring the age of an event or object in years.

the same elements who have the same number of protons but have different number of neutrons.

unstable isotopes that decay into other forms to achieve stability.

the unstable radioactive isotopes.

the stable isotopes produced by the radioactive decay of the parent isotopes