exam questions
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (8)
which cells/structures prevent the entry of pathogens into the body?
• platelets • mucous membranes • goblet cells
which cells/structures act as a physical barrier to pathogens?
• platelets • skin
which cells/structures are involved in phagocytosis?
• phagosomes • antigen presenting cells • lysosomes • neutrophils
how does the malarial parasite bypass the body’s primary defences?
• pierces skin with mouth • injects malaria into the blood
what are the antibody molecules that are recognised by phagocyte receptors?
opsonins
outline the processes that lead to the production of antibodies against unfamiliar bacterium (3 marks)
• T cells bind to B cells with complementary antigens • clonal selection • B cells undergo clonal expansion • differentiate into plasma and memory cells
suggest and explain one symptom of having a lack of mature B lymphocytes (2 marks)
• greater susceptibility to infection • longer recovery • no antibodies
explain how genes and the environment cause animals to vary in their specific immune response (6 marks)
genes - different alleles code for different antibodies - mutation produces new alleles - autoimmune disease eg lupus - inherit genes that code for antibodies environment - exposure to different pathogens determines immune response - vaccinations produce primary immune response - allergies - poor diet can impact immune system