Unit 1-Glossary
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Rate of reaction
How fast reactants are used up or products are made.
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up.
Enzyme
A biological catalyst.
Average rate
Change in quantity ÷ change in time.
Element
A substance made of only one type of atom.
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom.
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons.
Isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Relative atomic mass (RAM)
Average mass of an element’s isotopes
Ion
A charged atom
Nuclide notation
A way of representing an atom using mass number (top) and atomic number (bottom)
Compound
Substance made of two or more elements bonded together.
Name ending -ide
Compound contains only the two elements named.
Name ending -ate or -ite
Oxygen is also present.
Prefixes mono‑, di‑, tri‑, tetra‑
1, 2, 3, 4 atoms.
Valency
Number of bonds it makes (combining power)
Group ion
An ion containing more than one type of atom.
Balanced equation
Shows equal numbers of each atom on both sides.
State symbols
s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous.
Ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
Ionic lattice
Regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.
Covalent bond
Attraction between two positive nuclei and their shared pair of electrons.
Covalent molecular
Small molecules with weak forces between molecules.
Covalent network
Giant structure with strong covalent bonds throughout.