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Endocrinology Part 3 (Adrenal Medulla)

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Inner adrenal gland

Back (Answer)

ADRENAL MEDULLA

#2
Front (Question)

Composed of chromaffin cells that secretes catecholamines

Back (Answer)

ADRENAL MEDULLA

#3
Front (Question)

derived from primordial neural crest

Back (Answer)

Chromaffin cells

#4
Front (Question)

Group of hormones synthesized by chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

Back (Answer)

Catecholamines

#5
Front (Question)

3 common catecholamines

Back (Answer)

o Norepinephrine o Epinephrine o Dopamine

#6
Front (Question)

Precursors for catecholamine production? identify if direct or indirect precursor

Back (Answer)

• Phenylalanine – indirect precursor • Tyrosine – direct precursor

#7
Front (Question)

Catecholamines is named as “catecholamine” due to? explain.

Back (Answer)

structure Catechol nucleus: benzene w/ 2 hydroxyl side grp Amine side chain

#8
Front (Question)

Functions of Catecholamines

Back (Answer)

• 1st responder to stress • Promotes fight-or-flight response • Increases cardiac output and blood pressure • Diverts blood toward muscle and brain • Mobilizes fuel from storage • Dilate pupils

#9
Front (Question)

fight-or-flight response function of catecholamine is due to

Back (Answer)

heightened body activity and strength sharp thinking

#10
Front (Question)

Primordial Neural Crest during Early stage of gestation goes to

Back (Answer)

thoracic region

#11
Front (Question)

Primordial Neural Crest few weeks after early stage of gestation migrates to?

Back (Answer)

migrates to adrenal cortex to form adrenal medulla

#12
Front (Question)

2 cells that arises from primordial neural crest

Back (Answer)

Sympathogonia Pheochromoblast

#13
Front (Question)

aka sympathetic ganglion cells

Back (Answer)

Sympathogonia

#14
Front (Question)

aka medulla chromaffin cells

Back (Answer)

Pheochromoblast

#15
Front (Question)

Tumors that can arise from Sympathogonia

Back (Answer)

Sympathoblasts

#16
Front (Question)

• Childhood tumor; Rare in adolescence • Secretes HVA

Back (Answer)

Sympathoblasts

#17
Front (Question)

Example of Sympathoblasts

Back (Answer)

Malignant neuroblastoma/paraganglioma Benign ganglioneuroma

#18
Front (Question)

Tumor that secretes catecholamine and has the ability to migrate towards the aorta forming paraganglia

Back (Answer)

Pheochromocytoma

#19
Front (Question)

where phenylalanine → tyrosine → DOPA → dopamine takes place

Back (Answer)

Cytoplasm

#20
Front (Question)

transported to a lipid vesicle via vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

Back (Answer)

Dopamine

#21
Front (Question)

event that occur inside the lipid vesicle

Back (Answer)

dopamine → norepinephrine

#22
Front (Question)

released from the lipid vesicle into the cytoplasm

Back (Answer)

Norepinephrine

#23
Front (Question)

enzyme that converts NE → EPI

Back (Answer)

phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)

#24
Front (Question)

a cortisol dependent enzyme

Back (Answer)

phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)