Species and Taxonomy

An organism that belongs to the same species if they are able to interbreed to produce living, fertile offspring. Members of the same species need to be able to distinguish eachother

Courtship behaviour e.g fly’s vibrating their wings or something

1) Recognise members of their own species 2) Identify a sexually mature and fertile males for breeding (When the female is producing eggs) 3) Form a pair bond that will lead to successful mating 4) Synchronise mating so it occurs when gametes are most likely to meet 5) Become able to breed by inducing members of the opposite sex into a psychological state that allows breeding to occur

Phylogeny - Study for evolutionary relationships between organisms Taxonomy - Science of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics

Arranges species into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships. It uses a hierarchy in which smaller taxa are placed in larger taxa with no overlaps with a hierarchy

Each group in the classification system

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

King Penguins Can Only Fly Going Sideways

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Always starts with a capital letter First word of the species name e.g (Homo) sapiens

Lowercase letter Second word of the species name e.g Homo (sapiens)

Comparison of observable characteristics Comparison of DNA base sequences Comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins

Studying body structures of different species to investigate the adaptations they have undergone during evolution including any homologous structure or comparing embryology studies how closely related species were in earlier stages of development

Many characteristics are coded for by more than one gene (polygenic) and could be modified by environmental conditions

DNA sequencing shows the exam sequence of nucleotide DNA in each species with each base being a different colour. The more similar the species the more bases match. Species which arise from mutations will have fewer matches

Amino acid sequence is determined by mRNA which is ultimately determined by DNA. The more similar the amino acid sequence the more similar the species

Binomial

Breeding test If offspring is fertile and healthy it is from same species

Hunting Inbreeding Small starting populaiton Only very few female organisms

A system with smaller groups within larger groups with no overlaps

Prokaryotic - Bacteria, archaea Eukaryotic - Eukaryotes