Building Construction
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Load bearing wall
Wall that is used for structure support supports the weight of the roof
What is the most common building used in North America?
Wood
No load bearing wall
Wall usually interior that supports only it’s own weight doesn’t connect to roof
Party wall
Is a load bearing wall shared by two adjacent structures
Portion wall
Interior non load bearing wall that separates a space into rooms ( basic wall)
What are the two factors that determine the reaction of wood in a fire?
The size of the wood Moisture content
What is gypsum?
Dry wall with a noncombustible layer designed to protect the wood framing and fiber glass layering
Fire wall
Wall with a specific degree in fore resistance usually extending from the foundation up through the roof designed to limit the spread of fire
Masonry
Bricks, blocks, stones and concrete products Don’t burn
Cantilever walls
Walls that extend beyond the structure that supports them Usually exterior
Veneer walls
Decorative and usually attached to a load bearing surface
What happens if you rapidly cool masonry materials?
Materials may crack
Cast iron
Found in older buildings may crack or shatter when rapidly cooled with water Major concern is the integrity of the bolts supporting them
What is the the primary material used to support large modern buildings?
Steel
A 50ft steel beam may elongate by how many inches when heated to 1000 degrees and what else may occur
4inches Steel can buckle in the middle
How can gypsum deal with a great deal of heat?
It’s high in water content
What kind of glass provides thermal protection
Wire reinforced glass
According to NFPA 220 there are how many types of building constructions?
5 • fire resistive • non combustible • Ordinary • heavy timber • Wood frame
Type 1 fire resistive
Provides the best fire resistive and provides people a chance to escape
Type 2 Non combustible
Has non combustible structure comments in the outside and frame but has a flat roof that contains combustible materials
Type 3 ordinary
Concrete block out side structure with interior wood framing
Type 4 heavy timber
Made if wood large enough to be considered heavy timber and has no ceiling both load bearing and non bearing beams are viable to the roof
Type 5 wood frame
Typical home with wood framing and gypsum dry wall
What are the two primary types of dangerous conditions when dealing with building integrity?
Spread and intensity of the fire Conditions leading to the collapse