Micro-organisms industry
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Four types of micro-organisms
Fungi, protists, bacteria, viruses
Why are micro-organisms good for producing foods & other useful substances? (3)
Grow rapidly, have simple nutrient requirements, produce a wide range of products
What are the conditions micro-organisms need to grow?
Correct PH, food supply, warmth, water
How is yeast useful to humans?
Useful in baking, brewing and wine making
How is bacteria useful to humans? (3)
Bacteria used to make biofuels, bacteria which is used to make yoghurt and cheese, bacteria & fungi breaks down sewage
How is yeast used to make dough rise?
Yeasts feeds on the sugars in the dough and releases CO2 gas, CO2 gets trapped in dough causing it to rise. Called fermentation.
How is yeast used in brewing?
Ferments sugar from hops into barley and alcohol and CO2 (makes beer fizzy)
How is yeast used to make wine?
Ferment sugar in crushed grapes into alcohol
What are fermenters used for?
Used to make products like beer in large quantities
Conditions that are carefully controlled inside fermenters (3)
Temperature, ingredients, oxygen supply. Equipment sterilised keeps out unwanted micro-organisms
What is batch processing?
Yeast and materials are fed in the reaction vessel, yeast grows and alcohol fermentation happens, yeast stops growing having used up all materials, reaction vessel is empty, steam-cleaned and ready for new batch. All ingredients placed in to fermentation at the start of the process
Describe the batch process for dough, loaves and beer
Dough is mixed in huge bowls using industrial scale mixers Loaves are left to rise before being baked in batches in a large oven Beer is brewed in fermenters using batch processing
How is beer made in fermenters?
Sugary liquid extracted from barley and added to the fermenters, along with yeast