Old Reactions
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Addition of HX to alkene/alkyne
Alkene: Halogen goes to most sub, carbocation, enantiomers Alkyne: Halogen goes to most sub, anti with H, 2X=same carbon
Addition of HBr and peroxides to alkene/alkyne
Anti-markovnikov, least sub, 2X=same carbon
Addition of H+/H2O to alkene
Alkene to alcohol, OH on most sub, carbocation, enantiomers
Addition of X2 in CCl4 or H2O
With CCl4 forms alkane dihalide With H2O forms halohydrins (OH on most sub)
Addition of KMnO4/OH- to alkenes (cold and dulute or hot and with acid)
Cold/Dilute/OH- turns alkenes into cis-1,2-diols Hot/OH- and H+ turns alkenes into carboxylic acids, ketones, or CO2/H2O (1, 0, or 2 hydrogens)
Addition of EtONa to halides
Williamson Ether Synthesis (Methyl and 1* halides)
Hydrogenation of alkynes
Alkyne + H2 with NiB2(P-2) or Pd/CaCO3 → Cis-alkenes Alkyne + Li/NH3 or Na/NH3 → Trans-alkanes
Give a basic description of a Sn1 reaction
substitution with carbocation intermediate, weak nucleophile, polar protic solvent
Give a basic description of a Sn2 reaction
direct substitution with inverstion, small/strong nucleophile, polar aprotic solvent
Give a basic description of an E1 reaction
elimination with carbocation intermediate to produce =, strong acid, polar protic solvent
Give a basic description of an E2 reaction
direct elimination with = on more substituted (unless very bulky), strong base, polar aprotic