Cardiac Markers

Ideal _______________ involves intact muscle cells, and adequate blood and oxygen supply.

True or false: ischaemia is reversible.

Infarction is ______ ________, after prolonged ischaemia.

__________ is the result of blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the myocardial cells.

CAD’s major cause is atherosclerosis, which causes _______ formation within large- and medium-sized arteries.

Plaque is a pearly white area within an artery, which internally is made of lipid, cell debris, smooth muscle cells, collagen, and calcium, covered with a __________ ____.

Arterial blood flow is reduced across plaque, leading to narrow ________.

________ ______________ ____________ is associated with heart pain, and death of heart tissue.

______ ___________ of the myocardium, may result during AMI, as a result of interruption to the blood supply.

List the three principal characteristics of AMI.

What elements are used to diagnose AMI?

__________ are regulatory proteins, found in contractile proteins of myofibrils.

Where is troponin C found?

Why is troponin C not useful as a cardiac marker?

Why is troponin I useful as a cardiac marker?

___________ __ has eleven unique amino acids, lending specific markedness to the protein.

When is troponin T released into circulation?

How many main isoforms of troponin T are known?

______________ is an oxygen-binding protein of cardiac and skeletal muscle.

True or false: myoglobin is found in the cytoplasm, and increases rapidly after a cardiac event.

___________ ________ catalyses the formation phosphocreatine from creatine and ATP.

The ________ form of creatinine kinase is a dimer made of two subunits, M (muscle) and B (brain).

CKBB, CKMB, and CKMM forms of creatinine kinase exist, with the ____________ CK1, CK2, and CK3, respectively.

_______________ creatinine kinase has two isoenzymes.