Inflammation - Key Terms

• Eliminate initial cause of injury • Remove dead cells • Begin process of tissue repair

The defense system a person is born with

• Physical barriers • Enzymes (lysozymes) • Complement proteins • C-reactive protein • Toll-like receptors • Cells releasing inflammatory mediators • Antimicrobial peptides • Phagocytes

• Interact with acquired immune system • Prevent further tissue damage • Prevent spread of infection by dilution of pathogens • Prepare area for healing

Destroy bacteria

Prevent inflammatory response from spreading to healthy tissues, eat pathogens

Clotting

Inflammation contains the infection/damaged site by walling it off

• Arterioles temporarily constrict • Brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation (this lasts)

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes that cause vasodilation

• Slows blood velocity • Increases blood flow to increase tissue perfusion • Causes redness and warmth at site

Cascades

Normally circulate in inactive form and cause 1. Increased vascular permeability and vasodilation 2. Chemotaxis 3. Opsonization 4. Cell killing

• Activated by IgC or IgM antigen-antibody complexes. • Lectin pathway - can opsonin for phagocytosis or activate next part of cascade • Alternative pathway activated as part of innate immune system

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

Enzyme that proteolytically activates fibrinogen

Clotting

Stops bleeding, localizes microorganisms, provides a meshwork for repair and healing. Prevents spread of infection by bacteria remaining at localized site

Activates plasma proteins, promotes formation of bradykinin and kallikrien.

Activates and assists inflammatory cells

Most important product of kinin system, like histamine

Vascular permeability, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction in lungs, and pain

Potent vasodilators, regulators of inflammatory process, and involved in pain sensation and growth

Represses receptors that help leukocytes leave the vessel Retract to allow fluid to pass into tissues