M2, B1 Atoms & Reactions
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What are the charges of the following ions? Na, Mg, Al, N, S, Cl.
Na= + Mg= 2+ Al= 3+ N= 3- S= 2- Cl= -
What are the ions for: - Copper - Iron - Manganese - Chromium - Zinc - Silver
• Copper= + or 2+ • Iron= 2+ or 3+ • Manganese= 2+ or 7+ • Chromium= 3+ or 6+ • Zinc= 2+ • Silver= +
What is the formula for the following ions: - Hydrogen carbonate - Sulphate (VI) (sulphite) - Hydrogen sulphate - Dichromate - Manganate (VII) - Phosphate
• Hydrogen carbonate= HCO₃⁻ • Sulphate (VI) (sulphite)= SO₃²⁻ • Hydrogen sulphate= HSO₄⁻ • Dichromate= Cr2O7 2- • Manganate (VII)= MnO- • Phosphate= [PO4]3−
What is the formula of the following ions: - Nitrate (v) - Carbonate - Sulfate (VI) - Hydroxide - Ammonium
• Nitrate (v)= NO₃⁻ • Carbonate= CO₃² • Sulfate (V)= SO4 2- • Hydroxide= OH- • Ammonium= NH4 +
Define: Mole
The amount of substance (mole) is the amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of carbon.
What is the definition of Avogadro’s constant?
The number of particles in one mole of any substance is called the Avogadro’s constant, (NA) which has a volume of 6.02 x (10 to the power of 23)
What is the definition of molar mass?
Molar mass is the same as Mr except where Mr doesn’t have units. Units: mass (in g) per mol of a substance.
What is the definition of empirical formula?
Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
What is the definition of molecular formula?
Molecular formula is the actual amount of atoms of each element in a compound.
What is the definition of ‘hydrated’?
A compound which has water molecules (waters of crystallisation) incorporated.
What is the definition of ‘anhydrous’?
The compound which remains when all the water of crystallisation have been removed.
What is the definition of ‘waters of crystallisation’?
Water molecules which make up the part of the crystal structure of a compound, they can be removed by heating.
What is the step by step method of forming anhydrous salt from hydrated salt?
• Weigh an empty crucible. • Add the hydrated salt into the crucible. • Weigh the crucible with the hydrated salt. • Using a pipe clay triangle, support the crucible containing the hydrated salt on a tripod. • Heat the crucible contents slowly for around 1 minute, then heat it strongly for a further 3. • Leave the crucible to cool. • Weigh the crucible and the anhydrous salt.
What is the definition of molar gas volume?
Molar gas volume (Vm) is the volume per mole of gas molecules at a stated temperature and pressure. Units: dm cubed per mol.
Not all gases are @RTP, so we can use the ideal gas equation when gases are at different temperatures of pressures. What is the ideal gas equation? Bonus: Units for everything?
pV= nRT pressure x volume = moles x ideal gas constant x temperature Pressure= Pascals (Pa) Volume= metres cubed Moles= mol Ideal gas constant= 8.314 Joules per Kelvin per mol Temperature= Kelvin (K)
How do you convert: -kPa into Pa (kilopascals into pascals) -Temperature in celcius into Kelvin -Volume from cm cubed to dm cubed to metres cubed.
• kPa to Pa= Multiply by 1000 • Celcius to kelvin= +273 • Volume from cm cubed to dm cubed to m cubed- cm cubed to dm cubed= divide by 1000 dm cubed to m cubed= divide by 1000 cm cubed to metres cubed= divide by 10 o the power of 6.
What is the definition for concentration?
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in mol, dissolved in 1dm cubed of solution.
What is the method for the experiment of producing standard solutions for titrations?
• Accurately measure the mass of the solid using a balance to an appropriate number of decimal places. • Dissolve the solid carefully in about 100cm cubed of distilled (or dei-onised) water, stirring with a glass rod. • Rinse the beaker, glass rod and funnel with distilled water and include the rinsings into the volumetric flask. • Transfer the solution to a clean 250cm cubed volumetric flask, using a funnel. • Make up to just below the mark with distilled water. • Make up the solution to the mark so that the bottom of the meniscus lines up exactly with the mark, using a dropping pipette. • Insert the stopper and invert the flask several times to mix thoroughly.
What is a standard solution?
A standard solution is a solution of a known concentration prepared by dissolving an exact mass of the solute in a solvent making up to an exact volume.