Sports Psycology
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What is sport psychology?
Studying the mental factors, mastering the mind of an athlete to enhance performance.
Inverted u theory. Explain the graph.
Optimal arousal level. An athlete needs to have an optimal level of arousal to perform successfully.
Intrinsic motivation
-internal drives (motivation by challenge) -love the sport/feeling -when you want to do something Eg. Enjoyment, satisfaction
Extrinsic motivation
-external drives -when someone tries to make you do something Eg. Medals, money, success, sponsorship, recognition
Methods to motivate athletes
• give feedback • pep talks • punishments • goal setting • incentive
Under, over and optimal arousal
Under- tired, distracted, disinterested Over- stressed, anxious, overwhelmed Optimal- maximum performance (to perform successfully)
Physical, mental, and emotional arousal (prepare for performance)
Physical- body is physically ready for sport Mental- clarity of mind Emotional- how emotionally ready you are for sport
Mental imagery (rehearsal)
(Visualisation) when athletes visualise themselves flawlessly performing a skill/movement. To help rehearse for the event.
What is Confidence
Confidence is squired as a result of hard work, positive thinking and determination to achieve your best. Without confidence you will never achieve your best (particularly under pressure).
How to improve confidence
Challenge yourself. It is important that your reward yourself for positive attempts and achievements. This will reinforce achievement and success.
Attention/concentration
Concentration is the ability to give your full attention, to face distraction. Being Relaxed Is key to high achievement levels. By Loosing focus you will never realise your true potential.
Goal setting
It is whatever you are trying to achieve, objectives, and aims. They are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time framed.
Types of motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic
What types of task require a higher arousal level
Archery & golf
What types of tasks require a higher arousal level
Long jump & sprinting
Example of how athletes can increase their arousal level
• music • warm up • video footage
Examples of how to decrease arousal level
• control breathing - muscle relaxing exercise
Why type of motivation is preferred (intrinsic or extrinsic) why?
Intrinsic as it is desirable, because it is a more powerful and sustainable source of motivation.
Characteristics of superior competitors
• never give up • positive self talk • prepared for success/win • never minimise abilities
Characteristics of an athlete whose preparation (and performance) is affected by mood swings?
• leaving things to the last minute • have problems with confidence • easily loss of concentration
What does planned and controlled preparation involve?
• logical attitude • system/structure approach to performance plan • understanding of what the athlete is trying to achieve
Psychological skill of the athlete can b summarised in 3 phases called:
• education phase • acquisition phase • practice phase
Acquisition phases areas of importance
• controlling arousal levels • mental imagery • concentration skills • self confidence • motivation • goal setting