Science Test #3 - Water

Solids to Gasses

the transition of Gasses to solids

• Evaporation is the transition of liquid to gas. • Evaporation in the Water Cycle occurs when water is heated and turns into water vapor.

• Condensation is the transition of Gas to liquid. • Condensation happens when water vapour cools and clings to a particle (i.e dust) the condensate will accumulate into clouds.

• Precipitation is the fall of water from the atmosphere of the Earth • Precipitation in the form of rain or snow needs to achieve certain weights to fall from the atmosphere.

• Freezing occurs under 4 degrees • water density decreases below 4 degrees celsius. • decreased temperatures create lattice formations, creating ice crystals

• Melting occurs as ice gets closer to 7 degrees celsius. • added heat = agitated water molecules = broken lattice formation • Substances like SALT, SUGAR, and BAKING SODA can lower water’s melting point.

the ATACAMA desert (Northern Chile, gets 15mm of rain yearly)

Mountains can act as physical barriers to moisture movement. i.e. the Rocky Mountains • One side: has more rainfall • Other side: much direr ( The Rainshadow effect)

• Warmer ocean waters cool as they rise up mountains. • Cooler temperatures force warmer, humid air to create clouds and allow for precipitation. • After the air crosses the mountains, they’ll have lost most of their moisture, so the leeward side of the mountain is drier

• cooler currents (polar regions to tropics) are typically drier. > this is because the reduced amount of evaporation of cooler versus warmer waters. i.e the Sahara desert receives cooler water from europe. - cooler northern water warms up when they head south rainfall occurs, meaning less rainfall when it hits the sahara

• Solar Radiation is often the starting point for the Water Cycle (Evaporation) • the Polar Regions usually have drier condition due to the Sun’s yearly fluctuations • the North Pole gets around 150 mm of precipitation, and the South POle gets around 166 of precipitation.

Pangea :) (not important - after the first split) northern continents - Laurasia southern continents - Gondwana

Alfred Wegener, a German geophysicist did, in the early 20th century.

They float on top of the magma in the Earth’s Mantle. The Mantle’s CONVECTION CURRENTS put pressure on the Plates to move (continuously).

1) Slide beside one another. ( Transform Boundary ) 2) Collide into one another ( Convergent Boundaries) 3) Separate (Divergent Boundary)

Transform boundaries occur when slide beside one another - Where they come in contact is called the Fault Line. - Friction may occur, triggering an earthquake.

Convergent boundaries occur when plates collide into one another. - One Plate will naturally be pushed under the other - The collision can nurture the creation of mountains and volcanoes

Divergent boundaries occur when plates separate. - When plates move apart they create a gap called a RIFT. - The space in the Rift can be filled with magma and create ridges of mountains.

the Atacama desert in Northern Chile (15mm of rain per year)

Mountains can become physical barriers for moisture. (the Rocky mountains) - one side gets more rainfall than the other - Rainshadow Effect

They are typically drier due to less evaporation in the cooler versus warmer waters.

• it receives cooler water from Europe • as the Northern water heat up, rainfall also occurs, limiting the amount of rainfall the Sahara actually receives.

Solar Radiation is often the starting point for the Water cycle, since it can provide heat for Radiation.