Pathology -Inflammation

• initial defensive response to insult , leading to infiltration by neutrophils( bacterial ) and lymphocytes (viral) • leakiness of capillaries increases • cytokines increase Under the microscope you can spot acute inflammation via : Mickey Mouse shaped nucleus

Infiltration by lymphocytes ,plasma cells and macrophages most commonly due to an Autoimmune disease ie: rheumatoid Arthritis! You can spot the chronic inflammation under a microscope via : • smooth and round edges nuclei • usually stains darker, more purple • mono nucleated cells

• discrete collections of activated histocytes ( macrophages) -may contain multi nucleate cells =Giant cells -thin cuff of lymphocytes around the edges Ie: Sarcoid, TB, reaction to foreign body material

• Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions such as DRUG REACTION, insect bite reaction , Atopic eczema , eosinophil asthma !

• accumulation of pus ( neutrophils,debris , necrotic bacteria ) within the tissue

-accumulation of pus in cavity like pleural cavity

1) defect in the thickness x the epithelium associated with inflamed necrotic debris

-new connective tissue , with numerous new blood vessels that form in the base of an ulcer as part of repair process !

• blind ended channel leading from skin/ mucous surface to an underlying focus of inflammation/infection (usually lined by granulation tissue • channel from skin to inflammation

-abnormal connection ( tunnel and passage way) between 2 organs often due to chronic inflammation ( traumatic child birth and cancer ) ( illegal canal )

-necrosis seen in granulomas due to TB ( naked eye appearance is cheesy )

-upper epidermis is affected bacterial and cornflakes looking infection

Bacterial infection of epidermis / deep dermis / subcutaneous tissue !