Physics - Key Knowledge
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What are the 8 energy stores?
Magnetic Kinetic Heat (thermal) Gravitational Chemical Elastic Electrical Nuclear
DESCRIBE the energy transfers that occur as a ball falls to the ground?
Gravitational potential to kinetic
State 4 ways energy can be transferred between stores.
Mechanically Electrically Heating Radiation
Which energy transfer is involved when a force acts as an object (e.g. pushed or stretched)?
Mechanical transfer
Which energy transfer is involved when electrical charges move around a circuit?
Electrical transfer
Which energy transfer is involved when energy is transferred from a hotter to a colder object?
By heating
Which energy transfer is involved when energy from the sun reaches the earth by light?
By radiation
Give the equation for finding the energy in an object’s kinetic energy store.
Ek = 1/2 x m x v2
If an energy is transferred to an object’s kinetic energy store, what happens to its speed?
The speed increases.
What kind of energy store is energy transferred to when you compress a spring?
Elastic potential energy
What is the equation for finding the energy in an object’s gravitational potential energy store
Ep = m x g x h
What is the conservation of energy?
Energy is never created or destroyed. Only changed from one form to another.
How can you reduce unwanted energy transfers in a machine with moving, touching components?
Use lubricants (like oil)
What do Sankey diagrams show?
The energy transfers in a device. They allow us to calculate the efficiency.
What do the arrows on a Sankey diagram represent?
The ARROW continuing STRAIGHT represents USEFUL energy. The ARROW CURVING DOWN represents WASTED energy.
What does thermal conductivity mean?
How well a metal transfers energy by conduction
Name a material with a high thermal conductivity
Any metal
Name a material with a low thermal conductivity
Air
Thicker walls make a house cool down quicker. True or False?
False. Thicker walls help to retain heat.
Give 4 ways to prevent unwanted energy transfers in a home.
Cavity walls Double glazing Loft insulation Draft excluders
Give the equation for efficiency
Efficiency = USEFUL ENERGY divided by TOTAL ENERGY
Name 4 renewable energy resources and 4 non-renewable energy resources?
Renewable energy resources - 1) Water Waves (energy store KINETIC) 2) Tidal (energy store - KINETIC) 3) Wind (energy store - KINETIC) 4) Solar/sun (energy store - NUCLEAR) 5) Hydro-electric (energy store - GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL) 6) Geo-thermal (energy store - INTERNAL) 7) Bio-fuel (energy store - CHEMICAL) Non-renewable energy resources - 1) Oil (fossil fuel) (energy store - CHEMICAL) 2) Coal (fossil fuel) (energy store - CHEMICAL) 3) Natural gases (fossil fuel) (energy store - CHEMICAL) 4) Nuclear fuels (energy store NUCLEAR)
What is the difference between renewable and non renewable energy resources?
Non-renewable energy resources will run out. Renewable energy resources will not run out.
Give 2 disadvantages for burning fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gases)
1) Releases carbon dioxide into the air which causes global warming. 2) Releases sulphur dioxide in to air, which causes acid rain.