atomic structure

atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (different number of neutrons)

volume of space around a nucleus in which there is a high possibility of finding an electron

energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of an element in its gaseous state

the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge

enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge forms one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge

is the number of protons in the nucleus.

is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

• Ionisation • acceleration • flight tube • detection

electron impact electrospray ionisation

1/2 x m x v^2

1.The attraction of the nucleus • The distance of the electrons from the nucleus • Shielding of the attraction of the nucleus

An electron gun fires high energy electrons at the sample This knocks out an outer electron

sample is dissolved in a volatile, polar solvent, injected through a fine needle giving an aerosol and the molecule gains a proton

mass/charge ratio

Protons and neutrons – the sub-atomic particles found in the nuclei of atoms.

the smallest part of an element that can exist

total charge of all protons in the nucleus