chapter 4
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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species
group of organisms: can potentially interbreed to produce fertile viable offspring cannot produce fertile viable offspring w different species hybrids offspring of species are reproductively sterile
population
group of organisms of same species living in same area at same time
organisms living in different regions
=reproductively isolated + unlikely to interbreed, classified as same species if interbreeding = functionally possible
community
group of populations living together + interacting in given area
habitat
environment where species’ typically live/ location of living organism
ecosystem
community + its abiotic environment
ecology
study of relationship between living organsims, or between living organisms + environment
autotroph
produce own organic molecules, using light or energy derived from oxidation of chemicals synthesise organic molecules from simple inorganic substances
heterotroph
obtain organic molecules from other organisms
mixotroph
three modes of heterotroph nutrition/ three types of heterotrophs
consumer, detritivore, saprotroph
consumer
ingest organic molecules from living/recently killed organism
detritivore
ingest molecules from non living organisms remnants (detritus, humus) eg earthworm, woodlice, snail, crab
saprotroph
live on/in non living organic matter release digestive enzyme + then absorb external products of digestion (decomposer) eg bateria, fungi
autotrophs derive energy via
photosynthesis: energy from sunlight chemosynthesis: oxidation of inorganic chemicals
autotrophs obtain simple inorganic substances required from abiotic environment, including
carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen phosphorous obtained from air, water, soil
heterotrophs may obtain simple organic substances from environment but…
principally obtain carbon and nitrogen from organic molecules produced by autotrophs
humus vs detritus
humus: decaying leaf matter mixed with topsoil detritus: dead matter = decaying organic matter/fecal matter
scavenger
consumer that feed on dead decaying carcasses rather than hunting live prey eg hyenas, vultures crows
nutrients
material required by organism (including elements eg carbon, nitrogen phosphorus)
supply of inorganic nutrients is finite
chemical elements are recycled after use
chemical elements constantly recycling
autotrophs: inorganic nutrients from air, water soil + covert into organic compounds heterotrophs: ingest the organic compounds, using for growth, respiration, releasing inorganic byproducts saprotroph: organisms d
chemical elements constantly recycling
autotrophs: inorganic nutrients from air, water soil + covert into organic compounds heterotrophs: ingest the organic compounds, using for growth, respiration, releasing inorganic byproducts saprotroph: organisms die, so decompose remains of free inorganic molecules into soil return of inorganic nutrients to soil = continual supply of raw materials for autotroph
ecosystem
the interaction between biotic components (eg communities and abiotic components (eg habitat) self contained and can self sustain over long period