Acids And Alkalis
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What do lemons contain that give them their sour taste?
Acids
List 8 foods that contain acids.
Soft drinks, tea, yoghurt, grapes, vinegar, spinach, apples, citrus fruits
List 4 personal care products that contain acids.
Toilet cleaner, body lotion, aspirin, hair conditioner
List the names of the acids soft drinks, vinegar, yoghurt, tea, and spinach contain respectively.
Soft drinks: carbonic acid Vinegar: Ethanoic acid Yoghurt: lactic acid Tea: tannic acid Spinach: oxalic acid
List 3 types of acids found in school labs.
Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid
What are the properties of acids?
They have a sour taste, can conduct electricity, and they react with alkalis and other materials.
What are the uses of acids in daily life? List one example for each usage.
Used as preservatives: vinegar with ethanoic acid Used to remove stains: toilet cleaners with hydrochloric acid to remove stains Used for making industrial chemicals: sulphuric acid is used to make fertilisers, dyes, and paints.
What does soap contain to give it a slippery feel?
Alkalis
List 7 daily household products that contain alkalis.
Soaps, toothpastes, glass cleaners, kitchen cleaners, drain cleaners, baking soda, alkaline batteries
List 3 kinds of alkalis found in school labs.
Sodium hydroxide, ammonia solution, calcium hydroxide (limewater)
What are the properties of alkalis?
Alkalis have a bitter taste and a slippery feel. They can conduct electricity and react with acids.
What are the daily uses of alkalis? List one example for each usage.
Used for removing grease: kitchen cleaners that contain ammonia and drain cleaners that contain sodium hydroxide Used for making industrial chemicals: potassium hydroxide is used in making batteries
What are the ways we can distinguish acids, alkalis, and neutral solutions?
By using natrual indicators, litmus paper, universal indicator (pH paper and universal indicator solution), pH meter, and pH sensor with data-logger.
Explain how natrual indicators can distinguish if a solution is acidic, alkaline, or neutral.
Natrual indicators have pigments that change colour in the presence of acids and alkalis. thr change to different colours when exposed to acids and alkalis.
List all types of litmus that can be used to test for acidic or alkaline solutions.
Red litmus paper, red litmus solution, blue litmus paper, blue litmus solution
Which litmus are used to test for acids and alkalis and how?
Acid: blue litmus paper/solution, turn red when in contact with acids Alkalis: red litmus paper/solution, turn blue when in contact with alkalis
What is the primary material of litmus paper/solution?
Lichen
If a solution does not make red litmus change colour, what may it be? Should we carry on to determine whether it is an acid, alkaline, or a neutral solution? How?
The solution may be an acid or a neutral solution. We have to carry out the blue litmus test to see if the blue litmus changes colour to red. If it does, then it is an acidic solution; if it does not, then it is a neutral solution.
What is the typical range of pH values?
0-14 (can exceed the range, but rarely)
What are the possible pH values for acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions respectively?
Acidic: <7 Neutral: 7 Alkaline: >
What are the approximate colours of the pH paper in the presence of acids, alkalis, and neutral solutions respectively?
pH 0-2 (acids): red to pink pH 3-6 (acids): orange to yellow pH 7 (neutral): light green pH 8-11 (alkalis): green to dark green pH 12-14 (alkalis): dark blue to dark purple
Is tap water a neutral substance?
No, it is slightly acidic (pH~6.93)
What type of substance is shampoo?
Alkaline substance
What are the parts of a pH meter?
There is a probe connected to a digital display. Once the probe is immersed into the substance, the pH value of the substance will be shown on the display.