CPS Unit I Final: CHAPTERS 1-5- Free Response Questions
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CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 1 The United States Constitution has endured for more than two centuries as the framework of government. However, the meaning of the Constitution has been changed both by formal and informal methods. (A) - IDENTIFY 2 formal methods for adding Amendments to the Constitution.
Congressional Proposal & National Convention
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 1 The United States Constitution has endured for more than two centuries as the framework of government. However, the meaning of the Constitution has been changed both by formal and informal methods. (B) - Describe 2 informal methods that have been used to change the meaning of the Constitution. Provide specific examples for each informal method you described.
• Judicial Interpretation: how judges interpret laws and things in the Constitution. EX. Judicial review was established in the court case Marbury v Madison • Changing Political Practice: due to various changes in society, political practice is changed EX. Political parties weren’t mentioned in the Constitution, but now they are a very prominent part of the American political system
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 1 The United States Constitution has endured for more than two centuries as the framework of government. However, the meaning of the Constitution has been changed both by formal and informal methods. (C) - Explain why informal methods are used more often than the formal amendment process.
• They’re faster & easier • Some (like changing political practice) come about naturally • Because they’re easier, the Constitution remains a living document
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 2 ARGUMENTATIVE PIECE Take a position on whether or not the Constitution should be amended to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a direct popular vote. > > > What is your claim?
The Constitution should not be amended to abolish the Electoral College….
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 2 ARGUMENTATIVE PIECE Take a position on whether or not the Constitution should be amended to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a direct popular vote. > > > 1st Piece of Evidence (Federalist #10!!)
• EC prevents a majority takeover/dominance • Federalist #10 - importance of factions & prevention of one faction dominating the nation
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 2 ARGUMENTATIVE PIECE Take a position on whether or not the Constitution should be amended to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a direct popular vote. > > > Address and refute/concede/rebut an opposing viewpoint
Some argue that by abolishing the EC, the country will polarize into two distinct groups. While that may be true, we would likely encounter more ties in political elections if everything was determined by the popular vote.
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 2 ARGUMENTATIVE PIECE Take a position on whether or not the Constitution should be amended to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a direct popular vote. > > > 2nd Piece of Evidence (Article II, Section 1!!)
• Removing the EC would be complicated because of Article II, Sec. 1. • Article II, Section 1 - EC is established here, and could therefore only be removed through an amendment, which is a complicated and often, lengthy process • ONLY 1 AMENDMENT HAS EVER BEEN REPEALED BEFORE
CHAPTER 2 - Free Response Question 2 ARGUMENTATIVE PIECE Take a position on whether or not the Constitution should be amended to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a direct popular vote. > > > 3rd Piece of Evidence (Federalist #68!!)
• EC balances majority vote with individual votes • Federalist #68 - Majority vote would overshadow individual votes if not for the EC, so keeping it around prevents individual/minority rights from being overpowered
CHAPTER 3 - Free Response Question Use the chart provided to answer the following questions (A) - Identify the decade in which the total amount spent on Medicaid increased the most.
2000 - 2010
CHAPTER 3 - Free Response Question Use the chart provided to answer the following questions (B) - Describe a trend illustrated in the table and draw a conclusion about that trend.
Between 1970 and 2010, spending on Medicaid grew to nearly 75 times the starting amount, which implies that the government and citizens felt the need for the program increased in that time frame.
CHAPTER 3 - Free Response Question Use the chart provided to answer the following questions (C) - Explain how the principle of cooperative federalism is demonstrated by the information.
• The federal and state governments both contribute to spending on Medicaid. • Shows that it’s not only one of the governments taking all of the responsibility • Rather, the state and federal governments are cooperating to tackle the same issues with Medicaid
CHAPTER 4 - Free Response Question Excerpt & Questions - Brandenburg v Ohio and Schenck v United States (A) - Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both court cases.
The Freedom of Speech Clause
CHAPTER 4 - Free Response Question Excerpt & Questions - Brandenburg v Ohio and Schenck v United States (B) - Based on the Constitutional clause in Part A (freedom of speech clause), explain why the court found differently in Brandenburg v Ohio than it did in Schenck v US.
BvO - speech wasn’t necessarily inherently going to lead to dangerous or illegal acts SvUS - presented a clear and present danger
CHAPTER 4 - Free Response Question Excerpt & Questions - Brandenburg v Ohio and Schenck v United States (C) - Describe an action that local government who disagree with the holding in Brandenburg v Ohio could take to limit its impact in their communities.
They could create a work around, like making it harder for any person or group to freely express speech/opinions. WORK AROUND - Requiring permits for groups to protest or gather in public places
CHAPTER 5 - Free Response Question Excerpt & questions - Milliken v Bradley (A) - Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Milliken v Bradley and Brown v Board of Education.
The Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment)
CHAPTER 5 - Free Response Question Excerpt & questions - Milliken v Bradley (B) - Based on the constitutional clause identified in Part A, explain why the facts of Brown v Board of Education led to a different holding than the holding in Milliken v Bradley
BvB - segregation was able to be proven intentional MvB - segregation was not able to be proven intentional
CHAPTER 5 - Free Response Question Excerpt & questions - Milliken v Bradley (C) - Describe one positive and one negative long-term effect of efforts to desegregate schools in the United States.
Positive - Higher graduation rates for students in the black community Negative - Black schools were closed, which caused many black educators to lose their jobs