Week 3 - Visualisation

the fraction of occurrences of each value of variable.

Bar graph: height of rectangular bars to display the frequency distribution of categorical variables.

Histogram: uses the area of rectangular bars to display the frequency distribution of a numerical variable. Mode is highest peak Symmetric of skewed Outliers

frequency of occurrence of all combinations of two or more categorical variables.

frequency distributions of two or more categorical variables.

stacked bar chart that displays two or more categorical variables.

graphical display of two numerical variables in which each observation is represented as a point on a graph with two axes.

graphic display of a numerical variable and a categorical variable in which each observation is represented as a dot.

shows an approximation of the frequency distribution of a numerical variable in each group and its mirror image.

uses dots connected by line segments to display trends over time in a summary measurement such as the mean or an ordered series.

spatial equivalent to a line graph using colour gradient to display the numerical response variable at multiple locations.

Show the data - help you see potential problems and not hide anything Make patterns easy to see - highlight trends, make comparisons easy, colour and shade, don’t use 3D Represent magnitudes honestly - must start at zero with bar graphs but can use a different plotting method Draw elements clearly