Core organic chemistry (Module 4) - Definitions
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Define “Displayed formula”
Shows the relative positions of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
Define “structural formula”
The minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Define “skeletal formula”
Lines represent alkyl chains and every corner is a carbon atom
Define “Isomer”
A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
Define “chain isomer”
A difference in the arrangement of the carbon chain
Define “position isomer”
The functional group is in a different position on the carbon chain
Define “functional isomer”
Molecules with a different functional group
Define “homologus series”
Same functional group, compound differs by CH2 each time
What is the general formula for alkyl groups?
Cn H2n +1
Define “aliphatic”
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon joined together in straight, branched or non-aromatic rings
Define “alicyclic”
Aliphatic compounds arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
Define “aromatic”
A compound containing a benzene ring
Define “saturated hydrocarbon”
A compound that only contains single bonds
Define “unsaturated hydrocarbon”
A compound that contains double/tripe bonds
What is meant by homolytic fission?
When a covalent bond is broken and each atom gets 1 electron donated to it, to form a radical
What is meant by “free radical”?
A highly reactive species which possesses an unpaired electron
What is meant by heterolytic fission?
When a covalent bond is broken and 1 atom gets both electrons donated to it