Exam 1
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Why is animal science important?
Animals provide us with so much, from meat, milk, eggs, feathers, leather, fiber, draft/work, fuel, companionship, soil conservation and management, and biomedical research
How has the domestication of animals influenced society?
The domestication of animals has aided in the switch from hunter/gather to agrarian society, aided in warfare, increased the quantity of food available, decreased labor required by humans, led to the development of market economies
define domestication
to adapt to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of man
define feral
ancestors were domesticated, but recent generations have reverted and now live in a wild state NOT UNDOMESTICATED
define wild
undomesticated, opposite of domesticated in every way
define tame
animals relatively tolerant of human presence, wild or domestic
define introduced species
plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, and are believed to be beneficial to the environment, human economy, and health
define invasive species
plants or animals that are not native to a specific location, have a tendency to spread, and are believed to be harmful to the environment, human economy, and health
list the characteristics of domesticated animals (4)
bred in captivity for human benefit complete human control of breeding/reproduction controlled territory controlled food supply
list the criteria for domestication
Diet Growth rate Size Disposition Panic response (less likely to) Breed in captivity Social hierarchy allows humans to be alpha
what are the two theories about dog domestication?
theory 1: human domestication theory 2: self-domestication
how were dogs domesticated? (5) stages
1: self-domestication 2: strict captivity- humans limited breeding 3: intentional breeding by humans 4: trait standardization 5: elimination of wild genes, new species created
when were dogs domesticated?
12,000-10,000 years ago
what is the domestication process of herbivores? (3) stages
• shift from pure hunting to herd management • control movement of herds • selective removal of young males
what was the effect of selective removal of young males on herbivore domestication? (4)
alters sex ration, alters age structure, affects breeding, isolates wild types
is there any reason why we would want to remove young female herbivores when domesticating?
females don’t give as much meat, and they have an estrous cycle which affects behavior
when were sheep domesticated?
9,000 BC
when were goats domesticated?
8,000 BC
why were sheep and goats the first herbivores to be domesticated? (4)
• size was good • they are very gregarious animals, which is good for herding • they can utilize a wide variety of feed resources • they provide a wide variety of useful products, like meat, milk, leather, fiber