1.2 Muscular Anatomy

Contractility, extensibility, elasticity, atrophy, hypertrophy, controlled by nerve stimuli, fed by capillaries

Ability of muscle to contract and generate force

Ability of muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length

Ability of muscle to return to its original resting length after stretch is removed

Decrease in muscle mass (due to decrease in number of myofibrils)

Increase in muscle mass (due to increase in number of myofibrils)

Provide the muscle with oxygen, nutrients and calcium; remove waste products

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Under voluntary control; striated appearance Has tendons (attach bone to muscle) Main function of skeletal muscle = move the skeleton

(heart muscle) Under involuntary control; striated appearance

Under involuntary control; not striated appearance Lines the walls of blood vessels + hollow organs e.g. stomach, intestines

Alternating dark and light bands that are visible when seen under a microscope (due to myofibrils)

Contracts with the individual consciously thinking about it (controlled by nerve stimuli - operated by somatic nervous system)

Contracts without the individual consciously thinking about it (controlled by nerve stimuli - operated by automatic nervous system)

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, Muscle fibre, myofibril, sarcomere, Actin and myosin

Origin: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone Insertion: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

Deltoid, pectoralis, biceps brachii Abdominus rectus, external obliques Iliopsoas, sartorius Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis) Tibialis anterior

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii, Erector spinae Gluteus maximus Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) Gastronemius, soleus

Nerves (motor neurons) bring impulses from the central nervous system to the muscle Neurons release neurotransmitters into the blood which stimulate the muscle to contract and produce force

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibers); outer layer which covers the entire muscle

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibres); surrounds bundles of muscle fibres or fascicles Fascicles (bundle of skeletal muscle fibres) are long, cylindrical and vary in length

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibres); surrounds the individual muscle fibres

Type of cell found in muscle tissue; long, tubular cells

Long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin