Module 2 Cellular Functions

Considered as the control center of the cell. It is where the genetic material is found which serves as the blueprint of every organism.

____ contains the instructions of growth and development in humans and all living things It is packaged into ____ that contain all our ____ It also stands for ___ and contains chains of (4)

Instructions for making proteins which do the work within the cell and body

Humans genetic information, also known as ___ can be described as the ____ It can be thought that it has two volumes with one volume each from the parents Each volume contains ___ chapters each, equivalent to the amount of chromosomes in human body cells Each chapter has recipe pages (Coding DNA or genes ____) and in-between pages (non-coding _____) which still has various jobs we don’t understand All words are made up of ____ letters with an alphabet of ____ letters

Which genes are turned on or off can be influenced by (5)

The Book of Life Genetic Terminology Volume 1&2 Chapters Pages Words Letters Spelling Mistakes

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of all body cells except for ___ which have no nucleus and therefore do not contain chromosomes However, abnother place DNA can be found is the ____ (the energy centres of the cell) found scattered outside the nucleus. It is much smaller and has very little ____ DNA

In ____ chromosomes, long stretches of ___nm chromatin loop out from extended scaffolds In ____ chromosomes, the scaffold is folded further into highly compacted structure

Chromosomes: ____ chromosomes are highly condensed structures composed of DNA and Protein, only visible during ____ or ____

Shows all the chromosomes in a human being These chromosomes are stained with special dyes to produce distinctive banding patterns and lined up in size order Chromosome number 1 being the ____ and Chromosome number 22 being the ___ These numbered chromosomes are called ____ The chromosomes labelled either X or Y are the ___ which determine if the chromosomes come from a male or female

Each of the beads on a string is called a ____, thousands of which make up each chromosome These are found in relative locations called ____ in eukaryotic chromosomes

True or False: The copies of the chromosome make up half of one gene, thus if one part broke, the rest would follow.

True or False: Both X Chromosomes need to be activated in a woman.

There are over ____ genes found in the DNA of each person. The genes on a chromosome and the non-coding DNA make up the ___ A chromosome consists of two DNA chains running in opposite directions. The ___ form the rungs of a ladder and the ladder is twisted to form a ____.

Roughly ___ of these base pairs of DNA make up the human genome Each ____ tells the cell to produce a particular ____, the building blocks of proteins. the sequence helps produce them in the correct order Only ___ of the entire DNA in the human cell is made up of genes that contain the information codes for making proteins The rest of the DNA used to be called ___ as they do not contain info for proteins. They separate genes from each other in chromosomes and are likely to have a role in turning genes on and off. Thus, having control in the function within a genome.

Adenine pairs with ____ Guanine pairs with ____

Nucleotide bases goes missing ____ Nucleotide bases are added ____

DNA variations can occur during our life due to reasons including (4) The most common causes of genetic variation is ____

Gene variations that do not have any impact on our health are called ____ or ____ Gene variations that makes it faulty is called a _____ or ____. This is why having two copies of a gene is important.

When a new gene variation arises in an egg or sperm cell this is called a ____ The person arising from that egg or sperm will be the first in their family to have that DNA change

During the ____ portion of the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromosomes de-condense to ___ a less organized form of protein-associated DNA in the nucleus

In bacterial ____ it was first revealed that a bacterial chromosome was just a small closed, naked ____ DNA double helix

____ is the gatekeeper of gene activity, very different from its counterpart

Two types of Chromatin More dispersed, less condensed, associated with fewer proteins More condensed, associated with more proteins. The ___ is a special case of it.