CH 1 Introduction
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What term describes the collections of observations, such as measurements, or survey responses?
Data
What is the science of planning studies and experiments; obtaining data; and organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting those data and then drawing conclusions based on them?
Statistics
What term describes the complete collection of all measurements or data that are being considered?
Population
What term is the collection of data from every member of a population?
Census
What term describes a sub-collection of members selected from a population?
Sample
What are the three major processes involved in a statistical study?
Prepare Analyze Conclude
What should be considered when looking at a statistical studies preparation?
Context Source of the Data Sampling method
What should be completed during the Analyze process of a statistical study?
Graph data Explore data Apply statistical methods
What is achieved in a study when we get a result that is very unlikely to occur by chance?
Statistical Significance
Statistical significance is achieved when the likelihood of an event occurring by chance is ____
5% or less
What term describes a treatment or finding that is effective, but common sense suggest that the treatment or finding does not make enough of a difference to justify its use?
Practical Significance
List potential pitfalls in analyzing data:
Misleading conclusions Sample data reported instead of measured Loaded questions Order of questions Nonresponse Percentages
What term describes a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population?
parameter
What is a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample?
Statistic
What type of data consists of numbers representing counts or measurements?
Quantitative data
What type of data consists of names or labels?
Categorical data
What two types of data can quantitative data be further divided into?
Discrete and continuous
What type of data is the result when data values are quantitative and the number of values is finite or countable?
Discrete
What type of data results from infinitely many possible quantitative values, where the collection of values is not countable?
Continuuous
Counting the number of tosses of a coin before getting tails is what type of data?
Discrete
a scale, such as the lengths of distances from 0cm to 12cm is what type of data?
Continuous
What are the four units of measurement?
nominal ordinal interval ratio
What level of measurement is characterized by data that consists of names, labels, or categories only?
Nominal
What level of measurement would “Yes/No/Undecided” survey responses be an example of?
Nominal level